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Progressive Decrease of Mitochondrial Motility during Maturation of Cortical Axons In Vitro and In Vivo.

Tommy L Lewis1, Gergely F Turi1, Seok-Kyu Kwon1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, 550 West 120(th) Street, 1103 NWC Building, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|September 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial transport in mature brain axons is surprisingly limited, with mitochondria becoming immobilized and concentrated at presynaptic sites. This immobilization is observed both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its importance in central nervous system axon development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for neuronal function, with disruptions linked to neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Mitochondrial transport is crucial for long, energy-demanding neuronal processes.
  • Limited knowledge exists on mitochondrial dynamics in mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mitochondrial dynamics in mature mammalian CNS axons.
  • To determine if mitochondrial motility changes during cortical axon maturation.
  • To assess mitochondrial transport in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized photo-conversion techniques in mature cortical axons in vitro.
  • Employed in vivo two-photon microscopy in mice.
  • Observed mitochondrial motility in distal cortical axons in anesthetized and awake-behaving mice.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial motility significantly decreases as cortical axons mature.
  • Mature axons show reduced long-range mitochondrial transport in vitro.
  • In vivo studies reveal remarkably low mitochondrial motility in distal cortical axons.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial immobilization and presynaptic localization are key features of mature CNS axons.
  • These findings challenge previous assumptions about continuous mitochondrial transport in axons.
  • The study provides novel insights into mitochondrial dynamics in the mature mammalian brain.