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Do Overweight and Obese Pediatric Stone Formers Have Differences in Metabolic Abnormalities Compared With

Gina M Cambareri1, Dana W Giel2, Aaron P Bayne3

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Urology
|September 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Overweight and obese children with kidney stones show lower urine volume and higher uric acid levels. This finding highlights the impact of body mass index (BMI) on pediatric nephrolithiasis metabolic profiles.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Urology

Background:

  • Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is increasingly recognized in children.
  • The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and kidney stone formation in pediatric populations requires further investigation.
  • Existing adult literature suggests a link between obesity and stone disease, but pediatric data is less conclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on 24-hour urinary parameters in children diagnosed with nephrolithiasis.
  • To compare urinary profiles of overweight/obese children with kidney stones to those of normal-weight children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 24-hour urinary parameters from 206 children with nephrolithiasis across four institutions (2000-2013).
  • Patients were stratified into two groups based on BMI percentile: ≥85th (overweight/obese) and <85th (healthy weight).
  • Exclusion criteria included specific neurological conditions and pre-existing medical treatments affecting urine collection.

Main Results:

  • Overweight and obese children constituted 35.4% of the study cohort.
  • Metabolic abnormalities were identified in 63.1% of the children.
  • Hypercalciuria was the most common abnormality in normal-weight children (32.3%), while hyperoxaluria was most prevalent in overweight/obese children (37.0%).
  • Overweight and obese children were significantly more likely to exhibit low urinary volume and elevated uric acid levels compared to normal-weight counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • This study suggests a correlation between elevated BMI and specific urinary abnormalities in pediatric nephrolithiasis.
  • Overweight and obese children with kidney stones demonstrate a higher propensity for low urinary volume and elevated uric acid.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering BMI in the metabolic evaluation and management of pediatric kidney stone disease.
Abstract

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