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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
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Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
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SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

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[Consciousness disorders from toxicological view].

Lukas Bündgens, Frank Tacke, Christian Trautwein

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |September 20, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Acute poisoning causing altered mental status requires prompt assessment of vital signs and airway management. Poison control centers offer crucial support for managing these critical intoxications and their diverse causes.

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    High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC
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    High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC
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    High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC

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    Area of Science:

    • Emergency Medicine
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Altered mental status due to poisoning is a common reason for hospital admission.
    • Effective management hinges on initial assessment of vital functions and airway patency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the essential steps in managing patients with poisoning-induced altered mental status.
    • To highlight key toxins and therapeutic strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Focused diagnostic evaluation.
    • Assessment of vital functions and airway management.
    • Consultation with Poison Emergency Centers.

    Main Results:

    • Commonly implicated agents include opiates, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, carbon monoxide, and salicylates.
    • Primary treatments involve supportive care, decontamination, and elimination.
    • Specific antidotes are available for certain toxins.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt recognition and management are crucial for poisoning with altered mental status.
    • Transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU) is indicated for severe cases with compromised vital functions.