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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Decoding the Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic in Rural India.

Matthew Little1, Sally Humphries2, Kirit Patel3

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|September 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes is rising in rural India due to lifestyle changes and genetic factors. Cultural and socioeconomic issues in Tamil Nadu impact diabetes onset and management, requiring attention to structural inequities.

Keywords:
Disease perceptionsIndiaexplanatory modelsillness narrativesrural populationstype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology of Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern in India.
  • Prevalence is increasing in rural populations, moving beyond its historical association with urban elites.
  • Genetic susceptibility, dietary shifts, and lifestyle changes are key contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of cultural and sociopolitical factors on T2DM onset and management in rural India.
  • To understand community health knowledge, illness perceptions (explanatory models), and the social impact of diabetes.
  • To identify barriers and facilitators to diabetes care within a specific rural context.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative research approach utilizing in-depth interviews and focus groups.
  • Study conducted in a rural community in Tamil Nadu, India.
  • Exploration of participants' experiences, beliefs, and social dynamics related to diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant cultural, socioeconomic, and political determinants of T2DM in the study area.
  • Revealed variations in health knowledge and distinct explanatory models for diabetes.
  • Demonstrated the profound impact of diabetes on individual, social, and familial roles.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes in rural India is shaped by complex interplay of cultural, socioeconomic, and political factors.
  • Addressing structural inequities is crucial for effective diabetes prevention and management.
  • Empowering individuals within their social contexts is essential for promoting health and well-being.