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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

296
Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
296
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

74
The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
74
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.8K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes
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Multiple layers and conjugate materials for food emulsion stabilization.

S Sivapratha1, Preetam Sarkar1

  • 1a Department of Food Process Engineering , National Institute of Technology Rourkela , Rourkela , Odisha , India.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|September 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Complex food formulations require multiple emulsifiers for stability across various conditions. Combining biopolymers, through multilayer emulsions or conjugates, enhances oil-in-water emulsion performance.

Keywords:
Maillard reactionProtein–polysaccharideconjugateslayer-by-layer electrostatic depositionsecondary emulsiontertiary emulsion

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Area of Science:

  • Food science and technology
  • Colloid and surface chemistry

Background:

  • Single emulsifiers often fail to meet the complex stability requirements of food emulsions.
  • Food emulsions must perform under diverse pH, ionic strength, temperature, and storage conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel biological materials for designing oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions.
  • To discuss the stabilization of o/w interfaces using multiple biopolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of strategies for combining emulsifiers: multilayer emulsions and biopolymer conjugation.
  • Analysis of how proteins, phospholipids, and carbohydrates stabilize o/w interfaces.
  • Investigation of covalent bonding between proteins and polysaccharides to form conjugates.

Main Results:

  • Multilayer emulsions utilize combinations of proteins, phospholipids, and carbohydrates.
  • Conjugation of proteins and polysaccharides creates superior single-entity emulsifiers.
  • Integrated properties like surface activity, solubility, repulsion, and antioxidant effects enhance emulsion stability.

Conclusions:

  • Combining multiple biopolymers offers a superior approach to stabilizing food emulsions.
  • Multilayer emulsions and biopolymer conjugates provide enhanced stability and functionality.
  • Novel biological materials and strategies are key to advanced emulsion design.