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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

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Published on: June 30, 2022

A Ribonucleoprotein Supercomplex Involved in trans-Splicing of Organelle Group II Introns.

Olga Reifschneider¹, Christina Marx¹, Jessica Jacobs¹

¹From the Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry

|September 21, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a chloroplast spliceosome-like machinery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, essential for trans-splicing group II introns in psaA mRNA. This finding sheds light on the evolution of nuclear splicing pathways.

Keywords:

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii RNA processing RNA splicing chloroplast evolution gene regulation group II intron ribonucleoprotein complex spliceosome trans-splicing

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Utilization of Grafix for the Detection of Transient Interactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spliceosome Subcomplexes

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Published on: November 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Chloroplast Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast contains two discontinuous group II introns (psaA-i1, psaA-i2) that undergo trans-splicing.
This process shares similarities with the nuclear spliceosome pathway, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if a spliceosome-like machinery forms during the trans-splicing of chloroplast group II introns.
To characterize the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes involved in psaA mRNA splicing.

Main Methods:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
Size exclusion chromatography
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR)

Main Results:

The first characterization of a high molecular weight RNP apparatus involved in psaA mRNA splicing.
Identification of two subcomplexes (I and II) responsible for the trans-splicing of psaA-i1 and psaA-i2, respectively.
Demonstration that both subcomplexes associate with intron RNA, a prerequisite for subcomplex I assembly.

Conclusions:

A chloroplast spliceosome-like machinery exists, composed of protein-rich RNP subcomplexes.
This machinery plays a crucial role in the trans-splicing of group II introns.
The findings support the hypothesis that the eukaryotic nuclear spliceosome evolved from fragmented, self-splicing group II introns after endosymbiosis.