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Gut Microbiota-brain Axis.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network influencing brain functions. Understanding this axis offers potential new strategies for brain protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota significantly impacts brain physiology, behavior, and cognition.
  • The precise mechanisms of the gut microbiota-brain axis are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review current information on the gut microbiota-brain axis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science up to July 2016.
  • Keywords included "gut microbiota", "gut-brain axis", and "neuroscience".
  • Inclusion of all relevant articles regardless of study design.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiota-brain axis involves the gut microbiota, enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, neural-immune system, neuroendocrine system, and central nervous system.
  • Five communication routes identified: neural, neuroendocrine (HPA axis), immune, neurotransmitters, and barrier pathways (intestinal and blood-brain).
  • Metagenomics is a key technique for characterizing gut microbiota composition and function.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota-brain axis represents a bidirectional information network.
  • This axis holds promise for future brain protection strategies.