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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Concise Review: The Malignant Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche.

Juo-Chin Yao1, Daniel C Link1

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|September 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Malignant cells can alter bone marrow stromal cells, creating a microenvironment that aids cancer growth and chemotherapy resistance. Targeting these signals offers a potential therapeutic strategy for hematopoietic malignancies.

Keywords:
Bone marrow stromal cellsHematologic malignanciesHematopoietic stem cellsStem cell-microenvironment interactions

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Stromal Niche Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on bone marrow stromal cells for critical functions like proliferation and self-renewal.
  • Stromal cells form specialized niches supporting distinct hematopoietic progenitor subsets.
  • Emerging evidence suggests malignant hematopoietic cells can modify stromal cell populations within the bone marrow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how hematopoietic malignancies alter bone marrow stromal cells.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which these alterations contribute to disease pathogenesis.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting these stromal cell-related signals.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on the interplay between malignant hematopoietic cells and bone marrow stromal cells.
  • Focuses on analyzing how stromal cell alterations arise in the context of hematopoietic malignancies.
  • Examines the contribution of these microenvironmental changes to disease progression and treatment resistance.

Main Results:

  • Malignant cells can induce changes in the number and function of bone marrow stromal cells.
  • These alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment can provide a competitive advantage to malignant HSCs and progenitors.
  • Modified stromal cells may contribute to chemoresistance in hematopoietic malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in bone marrow stromal cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies.
  • Targeting the signals between malignant cells and stromal cells presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing novel treatment strategies for blood cancers.