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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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IL-1 Inhibition and Vascular Function in CKD.

Kristen L Nowak1, Michel Chonchol2, Talat Alp Ikizler3,4

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Kristen.Nowak@ucdenver.edu Adriana.hung@vanderbilt.edu.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|September 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) trap rilonacept improved vascular endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by reducing systemic inflammation. This finding suggests a potential new therapeutic strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseaseclinical trialendotheliumpulse wave velocityrandomized controlled trialsvascular

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Vascular endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are key contributors to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Chronic systemic inflammation in CKD exacerbates vascular dysfunction, highlighting inflammation as a therapeutic target.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of an Interleukin-1 (IL-1) trap, rilonacept, in improving vascular endothelial function and reducing inflammation in patients with stage 3-4 CKD.
  • To assess the impact of rilonacept on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV).

Main Methods:

  • A 12-week, two-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 42 adult patients with stage 3-4 CKD.
  • Coprimary end points: change in FMDBA and aPWV. Exploratory end points: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, FMDBA after ascorbic acid infusion, and NADPH oxidase expression.

Main Results:

  • Rilonacept significantly improved FMDBA (P<0.01) compared to placebo, indicating enhanced endothelial function.
  • Rilonacept did not alter aPWV (P=0.56), suggesting no significant change in arterial stiffness.
  • Treatment with rilonacept led to a significant reduction in hsCRP levels (P<0.01) and endothelial NADPH oxidase expression (P<0.05), confirming anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Rilonacept treatment effectively improved vascular endothelial function (FMDBA) in CKD patients, likely by mitigating systemic inflammation.
  • While arterial stiffness (aPWV) was not affected, the reduction in inflammation and improvement in endothelial function suggest a potential benefit for cardiovascular risk reduction in CKD.