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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Is My Mouse Pregnant? High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment
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An Update on Teen Pregnancy.

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    |September 21, 2016
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Teen pregnancy rates are declining in the U.S. due to improved contraceptive use and sexual behaviors, but remain high globally. Psychiatric-mental health nurses can improve teen pregnancy prevention efforts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Adolescent Health
    • Mental Health Nursing

    Background:

    • U.S. teen birth rates, while declining, remain higher than global averages.
    • Adolescent pregnancy is associated with significant psychosocial and physical adversities for both teens and their children.
    • Potential factors contributing to the decline include enhanced contraceptive use and safer sexual behaviors among adolescents.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the current trends in U.S. teen pregnancy and birth rates.
    • To highlight the ongoing challenges and adversities associated with adolescent pregnancy.
    • To identify the role of psychiatric-mental health nurses in adolescent pregnancy prevention.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of national trends in teen pregnancy and birth rates.
    • Review of existing literature on psychosocial and physical adversities in teen mothers and their children.
    • Exploration of the potential impact of improved contraceptive use and sexual behaviors.

    Main Results:

    • A notable decline in U.S. teen pregnancy and birth rates has been observed.
    • Despite the decline, U.S. rates exceed those of many other developed nations.
    • Psychiatric-mental health nurses are strategically positioned to implement and enhance teen pregnancy prevention programs.

    Conclusions:

    • While positive trends exist, continued efforts are needed to address adolescent pregnancy disparities.
    • Enhanced contraceptive access and education on sexual behaviors are crucial.
    • The specialized skills of psychiatric-mental health nurses are vital for effective teen pregnancy prevention strategies.