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Thyroid Function and Cancer Risk: The Rotterdam Study.

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Higher levels of free thyroxine (FT4) correlate with an increased risk of developing solid cancers, including lung and breast cancer. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels showed no association with cancer risk in this population-based study.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones exhibit dual roles in cancer, acting as both oncosuppressors and oncogenes.
  • Previous population-based studies on thyroid function and cancer risk have yielded inconclusive results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively investigate the association between thyroid function, specifically free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the incidence of various cancers within a population-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective population-based cohort study involving 10,318 participants with baseline FT4 and/or TSH measurements.
  • Cox proportional hazards models were employed to analyze the risk of developing any solid non-skin cancer, lung, breast, prostate, and gastrointestinal cancers.

Main Results:

  • Elevated FT4 levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of any solid cancer (HR, 1.42), lung cancer (HR, 2.33), and breast cancer (HR, 1.77).
  • The highest tertile of FT4 showed a trend towards increased risk for solid, lung, and breast cancers compared to the lowest tertile.
  • No significant associations were found between TSH levels and cancer risk, irrespective of sex or age.

Conclusions:

  • Higher circulating FT4 levels are linked to a significantly elevated risk of developing solid, lung, and breast cancers.
  • The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms connecting thyroid function and cancer require further investigation.