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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Related Experiment Video

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Recent advancements in combination subunit vaccine development.

Ming Tan1,2, Xi Jiang1,2

  • 1a Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|September 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Virus-like particles (VLPs) and subviral particles self-assemble into potent vaccines. These recombinant, chimeric vaccines offer a safe, low-cost, and effective approach for developing new vaccines against single or multiple diseases.

Keywords:
VLP vaccinecombination vaccinerecombinant protein vaccinesubunit vaccinesubviral vaccinevaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Vaccinology
  • Recombinant protein technology

Background:

  • Viral structural proteins naturally self-assemble into capsids.
  • This self-assembly process can be mimicked using recombinant technology to create virus-like particles (VLPs) and small subviral particles.
  • These particles share structural and antigenic properties with native viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of virus-like particles (VLPs) and small subviral particles as subunit vaccines.
  • To discuss the development of chimeric vaccines by fusing antigens/epitopes with VLPs or protein polymers.
  • To summarize the current advancements and future prospects of VLP-based vaccines, including combination vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Mimicking natural viral capsid formation in vitro using recombinant technology.
  • Generating virus-like particles (VLPs) and small subviral particles.
  • Engineering chimeric vaccines by fusing various antigens and epitopes.

Main Results:

  • VLPs and small subviral particles are highly immunogenic and suitable for subunit vaccine development.
  • Marketed VLP vaccines exist for Hepatitis B, Human Papillomavirus, and Hepatitis E.
  • Chimeric vaccines offer polyvalence, ease of production, and safety, presenting a new vaccine development approach.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant VLPs and chimeric particles represent a promising platform for safe, cost-effective, and highly efficient subunit vaccines.
  • The development of VLP-based combination vaccines is advancing, with examples like the approved malaria vaccine.
  • These technologies offer a versatile strategy for combating single or multiple pathogens.