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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
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[Epigenetic influence on embryonic development].

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paternal lifestyle and assisted reproduction technology (ART) can impact fetal development through heritable epigenetic changes. ART procedures may contribute to increased risks of complications in children conceived via these methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine and Perinatal Health

Background:

  • The epigenome dynamically responds to environmental influences, stably modifying gene expression.
  • Epigenetic modifications are heritable, suggesting paternal factors can influence offspring health.
  • Children conceived via assisted reproduction technology (ART) exhibit higher rates of peri- and postnatal complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of epigenetic changes in altered outcomes for ART-conceived children.
  • To explore how specific ART protocols might induce epigenetic alterations affecting fetal development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epigenetic factors influenced by environmental changes and paternal lifestyle.
  • Review of existing data linking specific assisted reproduction technology (ART) protocols to risk profiles.
  • Examination of potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying ART-associated peri- and postnatal complications.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic factors are sensitive to environmental cues and can be heritably transmitted.
  • Paternal lifestyle choices are implicated in influencing fetal development and disease susceptibility.
  • Specific assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures are associated with distinct risk profiles in offspring.

Conclusions:

  • Assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures may induce epigenetic modifications.
  • These ART-induced epigenetic changes could contribute to the observed increased risks in conceived children.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise epigenetic mechanisms and long-term health implications.