Allergic sensitisation in early childhood: Patterns and related factors in PARIS birth cohort
Stephan Gabet1, Jocelyne Just2, Rémy Couderc3
1EA 4064: épidémiologie environnementale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Cellule Cohorte, Direction de l'Action Sociale, de l'Enfance et de la Santé, Mairie de Paris, Paris, France.
Insights
Allergic sensitization in infants is influenced by various factors. Early life exposures, like day-care attendance and diet, can impact sensitization risks for food and inhalant allergens.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Allergic sensitization in infants is not well-documented.
- Understanding infant sensitization patterns is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate allergic sensitization patterns in infants.
- To identify factors associated with allergic sensitization in early childhood.
Main Methods:
- A population-based birth cohort of 1860 infants (PARIS study) was examined at 18 months.
- Serum specific IgE levels to 16 allergens were measured.
- Lifestyle and environmental data were collected via questionnaires.
Main Results:
- 13.8% of infants showed sensitization to any allergen, with 12.3% to food allergens and 2.3% to aeroallergens.
- Male gender, family history of allergy, high birth weight, and C-section delivery were linked to increased food and multiple allergen sensitization.
- Day-care attendance was associated with reduced sensitization, while early cat exposure increased aeroallergen sensitization. Delayed meat introduction reduced food sensitization.
Conclusions:
- Intrinsic factors (e.g., male gender, family history, birth weight) and microbial exposure indicators (e.g., C-section, day-care) are associated with infant sensitization.
- Specific early life exposures may differentially impact food versus aeroallergen sensitization.
- Findings highlight the complex interplay of genetics and environment in infant allergic sensitization.
Background:
Allergic sensitisation is poorly documented in infants. This study aims to provide new insights into allergic sensitisation patterns and related factors in infancy.
Methods:
This study concerns 1860 infants involved in the Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) population-based birth cohort who had a standardised health examination when 18 months old, from 2004 to 2008. Sensitisation was assessed by measurements of serum specific IgE to 12 food and 4 inhalant allergens and defined by IgE≥0.35kUA/L. Information regarding lifestyle and environment were obtained from questionnaires prospectively administered.
Results:
Prevalence of allergic sensitisation to any allergen, to food allergens, and to aeroallergens was 13.8%, 12.3%, and 2.3%, respectively. Multiple sensitisation (to at least two allergens) concerned 6.2% of toddlers. Intrinsic factors such as male gender, family history of allergy, and high birth weight increased the risk of food allergen sensitisation and multiple sensitisation. Caesarean section was also positively associated with multiple sensitisation. Day-care attendance was negatively related to food allergen, aeroallergen, and multiple sensitisation. A cat entering the baby's room in early life was strongly associated with aeroallergen sensitisation (ORa 3.21, 95%CI: 1.29-8.01). An introduction of meat in infant's diet after 6 months of age was negatively related to food allergen sensitisation (ORa 0.46, 95%CI: 0.24-0.91).
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that intrinsic factors and indicators of exposure to microorganisms such as caesarean section and day-care attendance may be associated with inhalant as well as food allergen sensitisation in infancy. For example, male gender, family history of allergy, high birth weight, and caesarean section could be positively related whereas day-care attendance could be negatively related to both aeroallergen and food allergen sensitisation. Conversely, early life exposure to inhalant allergens or food allergens may be specifically linked to either aeroallergen sensitisation or food allergen sensitisation, respectively.
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