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Altered reward expectancy in individuals with recent methamphetamine dependence.

Amanda Bischoff-Grethe1, Colm G Connolly1, Stephan J Jordan1

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Chronic methamphetamine use alters brain responses to potential gains and losses. Individuals with methamphetamine dependence show reduced anticipation of rewards and losses, but an amplified response to losses, suggesting impaired decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Chronic methamphetamine use impacts brain reward circuits, specifically the ventral striatum and caudate nucleus.
  • It remains unclear if methamphetamine dependence leads to heightened sensitivity to positive stimuli or exaggerated responses to negative stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural functioning related to expectancy and receipt of monetary gains and losses in adults with and without methamphetamine dependence history.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses.
  • Participants (17 methamphetamine-dependent, 23 controls) performed a probabilistic feedback expectancy task involving monetary gains and losses.

Main Results:

  • Methamphetamine-dependent individuals showed reduced BOLD response during loss anticipation in the ventral striatum and posterior caudate.
  • These individuals exhibited greater BOLD response to loss outcomes compared to gain outcomes in the anterior and posterior caudate, unlike controls.

Conclusions:

  • Methamphetamine-dependent individuals display attenuated neural responses to anticipated outcomes but an exaggerated response to losses.
  • This suggests an altered risk-benefit evaluation, potentially contributing to suboptimal decision-making and increased risky behaviors.