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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
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Auditory Perception01:17

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Schizophrenia01:17

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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[Hearing voices does not always constitute a psychosis].

I E C Sommer1, D W van der Spek

  • 1Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, afd. Psychiatrie, Utrecht.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|September 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Auditory verbal hallucinations, or hearing voices, can occur in various conditions beyond psychosis. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment and managing the impact of these experiences.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • General Medicine

Background:

  • Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), commonly associated with schizophrenia, can manifest in diverse medical and psychiatric conditions.
  • This study explores AVH in non-psychotic individuals, highlighting its presence across different etiologies.
  • Understanding the broad spectrum of AVH causes is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • Presents three distinct non-psychotic cases of AVH.
  • Case 1: A 74-year-old male experiencing AVH attributed to hearing loss.
  • Case 2: A 20-year-old female with AVH linked to trauma.
  • Case 3: A 27-year-old female with AVH caused by temporal lobe epilepsy.

Findings:

  • AVH is a symptom with varied underlying causes, not exclusive to psychotic disorders.

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  • The etiology of AVH significantly influences appropriate therapeutic strategies.
  • Antipsychotic efficacy is greatest when AVH co-occurs with delusions or disorganization.

    • Implications:

    • Accurate diagnosis of the root cause of AVH is paramount for effective patient management.
    • Non-pharmacological interventions and coping strategies can mitigate the impact of AVH.
    • Treatment decisions for AVH should consider the specific underlying condition and symptom presentation to balance efficacy and side effects.