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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

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Mediastinal Hibernoma: A Rare Case with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Maxine Darke1, Anil Dasyam1, Matthew Then1

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Case Reports in Radiology
|September 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mediastinal hibernomas are rare benign tumors that can mimic malignant masses on imaging. This case highlights a mediastinal hibernoma diagnosed via histopathology and successfully treated with surgical excision.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Hibernomas are rare benign tumors, typically found in adults.
  • Mediastinal hibernomas are exceptionally uncommon, posing diagnostic challenges due to imaging similarities with malignant neoplasms.
  • These tumors often occur at sites of brown fat persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a mediastinal hibernoma.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering hibernoma in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic and management pathway for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 53-year-old woman with a posterior mediastinal mass.
  • Diagnostic imaging including radiography and computed tomography (CT) to characterize the mass.
  • Histopathological examination for definitive diagnosis.
  • Surgical excision of the tumor.

Main Results:

  • Imaging revealed a well-circumscribed, heterogeneously enhancing mass with fat attenuation in the right apical posterior mediastinum.
  • Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of hibernoma.
  • The patient underwent complete surgical excision and remained asymptomatic with normal imaging follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Mediastinal hibernomas, though rare, must be included in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses with fatty components.
  • Accurate diagnosis often requires histopathology due to overlapping imaging features with malignant tumors.
  • Complete surgical excision is an effective treatment for symptomatic mediastinal hibernomas.