Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

45.2K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
45.2K
Mutations01:39

Mutations

95.6K
Overview
95.6K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

5.6K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
5.6K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

41.6K
Overview
41.6K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

13.8K
13.8K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

34.7K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
34.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Geant4-DNA development for atmospheric applications: N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> models implementation.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2024
Same author

Calculation of electron interaction models in N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2023
Same author

Influence of track structure and condensed history physics models of Geant4 to nanoscale electron transport in liquid water.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2019
Same author

Evaluation of the dose enhancement of combined ¹⁰B + ¹⁵⁷Gd neutron capture therapy (NCT).

Radiation protection dosimetry·2015
Same author

Genome-based, mechanism-driven computational modeling of risks of ionizing radiation: The next frontier in genetic risk estimation?

Mutation research. Reviews in mutation research·2015
Same author

Microdosimetry of the full slowing down of protons using Monte Carlo track structure simulations.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.6K

Radiation track, DNA damage and response-a review.

H Nikjoo1, D Emfietzoglou, T Liamsuwan

  • 1Radiation Biophysics Group, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 260, P9-02, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|September 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Physics and mathematical modeling offer new avenues in radiation biophysics for understanding DNA damage, cancer therapies, and genetic risks. Advances in condensed-matter physics and DNA repair research are key to future breakthroughs.

More Related Videos

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells
05:18

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Published on: June 9, 2020

11.9K
Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.6K
Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells
05:18

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Published on: June 9, 2020

11.9K
Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Radiation Biophysics
  • Condensed-Matter Physics
  • Genomic Science

Background:

  • Physics, particularly radiation physics, can elucidate biological mechanisms and cancer therapies.
  • New genomic knowledge and technologies, alongside mathematical modeling, present opportunities in radiation biophysics.
  • Understanding radiation-induced DNA damage and repair is crucial for targeted cancer therapy and genetic risk estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and progress in radiation biophysics.
  • To highlight the role of physics and mathematical modeling in understanding biological mechanisms and cancer therapies.
  • To explore opportunities in targeted cancer therapy and genetic risk estimation using advances in physics and genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing concepts from condensed-matter physics.
  • Applying mechanistic mathematical modeling.
  • Leveraging advances in experimental DNA repair and cell signaling research.
  • Presenting developments in the physics of radiation track structure using the KURBUC computer code system.
  • Simulating proton and carbon ion tracks in the Bragg peak region.
  • Discussing models for elastic scattering and trajectory approach in low-electron transport.

Main Results:

  • Recent developments in the physics of radiation track structure for low-energy electrons in water.
  • Comprehensive discussion of the dielectric response function approach.
  • State-of-the-art simulation of proton and carbon ion tracks.
  • Critical discussion of scattering models and electron transport validity.
  • Inclusion of mechanistic and quantitative aspects of microdosimetry, DNA damage, and DNA repair.

Conclusions:

  • Physics, mathematical modeling, and genomic insights offer unprecedented opportunities in radiation biophysics.
  • Mechanistically linking radiation-induced DNA damage to cellular outcomes is a significant future goal.
  • Advances in understanding DNA damage and repair are vital for improving cancer therapies and assessing genetic risks.