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An update on vitamin D for clinicians.

Karen E Hansen1, Michael G Johnson

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

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Summary

Higher vitamin D doses do not improve health outcomes and may increase risks. Studies show elevated vitamin D levels are linked to more falls and respiratory infections, challenging previous assumptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vitamin D's role in human health is extensively studied.
  • Recent research focuses on optimal vitamin D dosage and serum levels.
  • This review highlights studies published since January 2015.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent clinical trials on vitamin D therapy.
  • To evaluate the health benefits of specific vitamin D doses and serum levels.
  • To synthesize findings on vitamin D's impact on bone health, physical function, and infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials published post-January 2015.
  • Analysis of studies examining high-dose vs. low-dose vitamin D.
  • Evaluation of outcomes including calcium absorption, bone mineral density, physical function, falls, and respiratory infections.

Main Results:

  • High-dose vitamin D did not improve bone mineral density, physical function, or reduce falls in postmenopausal women.
  • High-dose vitamin D increased the risk of falling in older adults.
  • Vitamin D supplementation was associated with increased upper respiratory tract infections.
  • Asthma patients with higher vitamin D levels experienced more respiratory infections.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence aligns with the Institute of Medicine's recommendation for vitamin D sufficiency at 20 ng/mL.
  • Serum 25(OH)D levels above 20 ng/mL may not confer additional benefits.
  • Higher vitamin D levels are associated with increased risks of falls and respiratory infections.