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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: MAPP Protocol – Advancing Glycan Analysis
Published on: September 29, 2023
The minimum information required for a glycomics experiment (MIRAGE) project: sample preparation guidelines for
Weston B Struwe1, Sanjay Agravat2, Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita3
1Department of Biochemistry, Glycobiology Institute , University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK weston.struwe@bioch.ox.ac.uk ckettner@beilstein-institut.de.
Abstract:
The minimum information required for a glycomics experiment (MIRAGE) project was established in 2011 to provide guidelines to aid in data reporting from all types of experiments in glycomics research including mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography, glycan arrays, data handling and sample preparation. MIRAGE is a concerted effort of the wider glycomics community that considers the adaptation of reporting guidelines as an important step towards critical evaluation and dissemination of datasets as well as broadening of experimental techniques worldwide. The MIRAGE Commission published reporting guidelines for MS data and here we outline guidelines for sample preparation. The sample preparation guidelines include all aspects of sample generation, purification and modification from biological and/or synthetic carbohydrate material. The application of MIRAGE sample preparation guidelines will lead to improved recording of experimental protocols and reporting of understandable and reproducible glycomics datasets.

