An exploratory look at NETosis in atherosclerosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Immunology
• Pathology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are increasingly recognized as linked, despite traditional distinctions.
• Neutrophil involvement in atherogenesis is underestimated compared to their established role in VTE.
• Macrophages have been prioritized in plaque destabilization, overshadowing neutrophil contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the emerging role of neutrophils in atherosclerosis.
• To highlight the significance of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NETosis in atherogenesis.
• To explore the interplay between oxidative stress and neutrophil functions in common pathways of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of current evidence linking neutrophil activity to atherogenesis and VTE.
• Examination of programmed cell death mechanisms, including NETosis, in the context of atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

• Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are present in human atherosclerotic vessels and coronary specimens.
• NETosis, a form of programmed neutrophil death, shares triggers and features with other cell death pathways in atherosclerosis.
• Defective programmed cell death, including NETosis, can promote necrosis and disease progression.

Conclusions:

• Neutrophils, via NETosis and oxidative stress, are key players in orchestrating common mechanisms in atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
• The role of neutrophils in atherogenesis warrants greater attention.
• Understanding these shared pathways offers new therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular diseases.