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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
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Imprinted genes: important regulators in development.

Yu Wu1, Xu Feng2, Lan Gao3

  • 11. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|September 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Imprinted genes exhibit allele-specific expression, crucial for mammalian development and evolution. Research advances explore their regulation, function, and environmental interactions, offering new insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Imprinted genes display allele-specific expression, a unique epigenetic phenomenon.
  • Research has progressed significantly in understanding imprinted gene establishment, maintenance, and function in organ development.
  • Initial discoveries focused on specific imprinted clusters, but omics techniques have expanded gene identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current research on imprinted genes in mammals.
  • To cover gene features, developmental roles, regulatory mechanisms, and research methods.
  • To discuss the evolution of parental relationships and environmental interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on imprinted genes.
  • Analysis of data from omics techniques (DNA methylome, histone modification).
  • Examination of studies on gene expression, function, and evolution.

Main Results:

  • Imprinted genes play vital roles in mammalian development.
  • Diverse mechanisms regulate imprinted gene expression.
  • Evolutionary conservation and environmental interactions are key areas of study.
  • Omics technologies have accelerated the identification and characterization of imprinted genes.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of imprinted genes in mammals.
  • It highlights key aspects including function, regulation, evolution, and environmental influences.
  • The findings will aid in understanding and researching imprinted genes.