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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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All-Arthroscopic Latissimus Dorsi Transfer.

Kenneth Cutbush1, Noel A Peter2, Kieran Hirpara3

  • 1University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Clinic, Brisbane, Australia; Orthopaedic Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia.

Arthroscopy Techniques
|September 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a minimally invasive, all-arthroscopic latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The technique shows promising results in improving shoulder pain, range of motion, and overall function.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Arthroscopy

Background:

  • Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears cause significant functional deficits and pain.
  • Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is a potential surgical solution.
  • Open harvest methods carry risks of morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an all-arthroscopic technique for latissimus dorsi tendon transfer.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this minimally invasive approach.
  • To avoid deltoid muscle insult and reduce open harvest morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • All-arthroscopic procedure in lateral decubitus position.
  • Utilizing axillary viewing and working portals.
  • Arthroscopic identification, separation, and transfer of the latissimus dorsi tendon to the supraspinatus footprint using suture anchors.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data indicate successful arthroscopic transfer.
  • The technique avoids direct insult to the deltoid musculature.
  • Observed improvements in patient pain, range of motion, and function.

Conclusions:

  • The described all-arthroscopic latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is a viable option for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears.
  • This technique offers a potentially less morbid alternative to open procedures.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm long-term outcomes.