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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass
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Biodiesel production from wet microalgae by using graphene oxide as solid acid catalyst.

Jun Cheng1, Yi Qiu1, Rui Huang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

Bioresource Technology
|September 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodiesel production from wet microalgae lipids achieved 95.1% conversion efficiency using graphene oxide (GO) as a solid acid catalyst. This study optimized conditions for efficient fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production.

Keywords:
BiodieselGraphene oxideSolid acid catalystWet microalgae

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Microalgae lipids are a sustainable source for biodiesel production.
  • Developing efficient catalysts for transesterification of wet microalgae is crucial.
  • Graphene oxide (GO) offers potential as a solid acid catalyst due to its functional groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of graphene oxide (GO) as a solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from wet microalgae lipids.
  • To optimize reaction parameters including catalyst dosage, temperature, time, and methanol/chloroform ratios for maximum lipid conversion efficiency.
  • To characterize the GO catalyst and its interaction with microalgae.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis were used to characterize GO.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualized the adsorption of microalgae onto GO.
  • Microwave-assisted transesterification was employed to convert microalgal lipids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).

Main Results:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) was confirmed to possess 0.997 mmol SO3H groups/g and abundant OH groups.
  • SEM revealed hydrophilic GO surfaces effectively adsorbed wet microalgae cells.
  • Optimal conditions yielded a 95.1% lipid conversion efficiency into FAMEs using 5wt.% GO catalyst at 90°C for 40 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) is an effective solid acid catalyst for the transesterification of wet microalgae lipids.
  • Optimized microwave-assisted transesterification using GO significantly enhances biodiesel yield.
  • This method presents a promising route for sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae.