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Nitric oxide synthase in plants: Where do we stand?

Jérôme Santolini1, François André1, Sylvain Jeandroz2

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Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry
|September 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) is vital for plant processes, but its production is unclear. While land plants lack animal-like nitric oxide synthase (NOS), some algae possess unique NOS-like proteins, offering new research avenues.

Keywords:
AlgaeComparative modelingEvolutionLand plantsNitrate reductaseNitric oxideNitric oxide synthaseNitrite

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in numerous plant physiological processes.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of endogenous NO production in plants remains a significant challenge.
  • Existing research suggests NO is primarily produced via nitrite reduction through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) in plants.
  • To clarify the presence and nature of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzymes in different plant lineages.
  • To explore the phylogenetic and structural characteristics of algal NOS-like proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence regarding NO production in plants.
  • Comparative analysis of plant and animal NOS enzymes.
  • Phylogenetic and structural analysis of NOS-like proteins in algal species.

Main Results:

  • Land plants do not possess animal-like nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes.
  • Certain algal species exhibit NOS-like proteins with distinct structural and phylogenetic features.
  • The endogenous production of NO in plants is predominantly linked to nitrite reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The established view of NO production via nitrite reduction is supported.
  • Algal NOS-like proteins represent a novel area for investigating NO synthesis in certain plant lineages.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize the enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways of NO production in plants.