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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Comparing single- and dual-process models of memory development.

Brett K Hayes1, John C Dunn2, Amy Joubert1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia.

Developmental Science
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on visual recognition memory development found that single-process models, not dual-process ones, better explain how memory changes with age. Findings suggest memory strength is key for development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of visual recognition memory is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Existing models debate whether memory development involves one or multiple underlying processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether single-process or dual-process models better account for developmental changes in visual recognition memory.
  • To compare the fit of various signal detection models to developmental data.

Main Methods:

  • Participants aged 6-7, 9-10, and adults encoded pictures under shallow or deep conditions.
  • Recognition and confidence judgments were collected for old and new items.
  • Signal detection models (dual-process and single-process) and state-trace analysis were applied to the data.

Main Results:

  • Recognition accuracy increased with age, with greater gains after deep encoding.
  • Unequal variance and mixture signal detection models provided a better fit than other models.
  • State-trace analysis indicated a single underlying memory process across all age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Single-process memory models, emphasizing memory strength, offer a viable explanation for visual recognition memory development.
  • These findings challenge dual-process accounts and highlight the importance of memory strength in developmental changes.