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Nail features in healthy term newborns: a single-centre observational study of 52 cases
M Chinazzo1,2, G Lorette1,2, R Baran3
1University François Rabelais Tours, Tours, France.
Introduction:
The anatomy and embryology of the nail are well known, and nail abnormalities are a feature of many genodermatoses. However, the physiological aspect is not well described. We aimed to analyse the physiological features of nails in healthy newborns.
Methods:
We performed an observational, prospective study at University Hospital Center of Tours between July and October 2015. Newborns were included by a dermatologist assistant during the systematic examination on release of the mother from the hospital. The medical history of the mother and infant were recorded by using a standardized questionnaire. Finger- and toenails were systematically photographed for a second interpretation by a dermatologist with blinding to the first photograph.
Results:
Fifty-eight patients were eligible, and 52 were included. Half of the newborns were males, and the mean age at inclusion was 3.6 ± 1.2 days. Fingernails had an oval shape (71.1%) or a flat curvature (63.5%), and half had a lunula. Toenails showed an apparent hypertrophy of the proximal nail fold (38.4%) and lateral nail fold (73.1%). The shape of the nails was triangular (50.0%) or round (21.1%). We noted koilonychia in 32.7% of infants and lunula in 7.7%. Distal parts showed onychoschizia (28.8%) and onycholysis (26.9%).
Conclusion:
Koilonychia, onychoschizia of toenails or absence of lunula are physiological features of nails in newborns.
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