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Effective Field Theory for Rydberg Polaritons.

M J Gullans1, J D Thompson2, Y Wang1

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We developed a new theory for Rydberg polaritons, revealing how their interactions control light propagation. This work enables studying complex quantum phenomena using these unique light-matter systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Rydberg polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles with strong interactions.
  • Understanding their propagation is key to controlling light in quantum systems.
  • Existing theories often struggle with the complex many-body dynamics involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an effective field theory (EFT) for one-dimensional Rydberg polaritons.
  • To describe few- and many-body propagation phenomena.
  • To explore the role of interactions and resonances in photonic transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a one-dimensional effective field theory.
  • Mapping propagation to a time-reversed nonequilibrium quench.
  • Inclusion of effective range corrections and analysis of N-body interactions.

Main Results:

  • The photonic transmission is determined by a reversed time-space propagation problem.
  • Effective range corrections are crucial near scattering resonances with deep bound states.
  • Long-range Rydberg interactions lead to significant effective N-body interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EFT accurately describes Rydberg polariton propagation.
  • This framework facilitates the study of nonperturbative quantum field theory effects.
  • Rydberg polaritons offer a novel platform for quantum simulations.