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Adaptive multiphoton endomicroscopy through a dynamically deformed multicore optical fiber using proximal detection.

Sean C Warren, Youngchan Kim, James M Stone

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    This study presents a novel method for multiphoton imaging using a polarization-maintaining multicore fiber (PM-MCF). It corrects for image distortions caused by fiber bending, ensuring clearer imaging through flexible optical fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical imaging
    • Fiber optics
    • Biomedical engineering

    Background:

    • Multiphoton microscopy enables deep tissue imaging.
    • Flexible imaging probes are needed for minimally invasive procedures.
    • Fiber deformation can cause focal spot shifts, degrading image quality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate multiphoton imaging through a dynamically deformed polarization-maintaining multicore fiber (PM-MCF).
    • To develop a proximal sensing method for measuring and correcting deformation-induced focal spot shifts.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a scientific CMOS camera for single-shot proximal measurement of optical path lengths.
    • Employed a non-linear least squares fitting procedure to determine lateral shifts of the excitation spot.
    • Validated the proximal measurement against distal ground truth measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully measured deformation-induced lateral shifts in the focal spot position proximally.
    • Demonstrated correction of focal spot position shifts during raster-scanning multiphoton imaging.
    • Achieved high-speed (416 Hz) measurements for dynamic deformation tracking.

    Conclusions:

    • Proximal sensing provides an effective means to monitor and compensate for fiber deformation in multiphoton imaging.
    • This technique enhances the feasibility of using flexible PM-MCF for in vivo and minimally invasive imaging applications.