Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

693
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
693
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

4.9K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
4.9K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

5.3K
The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
5.3K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

15.6K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
15.6K
Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

585
Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
585
Bewley Lattice Diagram01:12

Bewley Lattice Diagram

1.5K
The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-capacity optical communication relayed by multi-core amplifier on deployed submarine seven-core fiber cable.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

Mode manipulation in a ring-core fiber for OAM monitoring and conversion.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2024
Same author

Optical integrated reconfigurable mode generator-multiplexer for radio-frequency orbital angular momentum.

Optics express·2024
Same author

Generation of the radial higher-order orbital angular momentum mode in helically twisted elliptic fiber.

Optics letters·2024
Same author

Multi-step-index fiber with a large number of weakly coupled OAM mode groups for IM/DD systems in data centers: design, fabrication, and characterization.

Optics letters·2023
Same author

OAM mode generation in helically twisted hollow-core antiresonant fiber.

Optics letters·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.4K

OAM-labeled free-space optical flow routing.

Shecheng Gao, Ting Lei, Yangjin Li

    Optics Express
    |September 24, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel optical flow routing scheme using orbital angular momentum (OAM) states to label and steer optical data streams. This innovation enables flexible and synchronous processing of massive spatial channels in optical networks.

    More Related Videos

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    11.4K
    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators
    08:53

    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

    Published on: December 29, 2015

    10.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.4K
    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    11.4K
    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators
    08:53

    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

    Published on: December 29, 2015

    10.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical communications
    • Photonics
    • Network engineering

    Background:

    • Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is crucial for scaling optical communication bandwidth density.
    • A key challenge in SDM is routing spatial channels and labeling overlapped optical carriers.
    • Existing methods lack a characteristic parameter for labeling individual optical flows.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a free-space optical flow routing (OFR) scheme.
    • To utilize optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) states for labeling and steering optical flows.
    • To enable flexible and scalable routing in future optical networks.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a free-space optical flow routing (OFR) scheme.
    • Employed optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) states as labels for optical flows.
    • Utilized an OAM multiplexer and a reconfigurable OAM demultiplexer for routing.
    • Experimentally demonstrated network functions like switching, multicasting, and filtering.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully routed 10 individual optical flows simultaneously to 10 output ports on demand.
    • OAM states served as simultaneous data carriers and unique labels for each optical flow.
    • Demonstrated data-carrying OFR using nonreturn-to-zero signals.
    • Achieved synchronous processing of massive spatial channels.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed OFR scheme effectively labels and steers optical flows using OAM states.
    • This method enables flexible and scalable optical network functionalities.
    • The approach supports synchronous processing of numerous spatial channels, advancing optical communication.