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Related Concept Videos

Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
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Additive Technology: Update on Current Materials and Applications in Dentistry.

Abdullah Barazanchi1, Kai Chun Li1, Basil Al-Amleh1

  • 1Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Journal of Prosthodontics : Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists
|September 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers flexible, energy-efficient fabrication for dentistry, especially for challenging materials like cobalt chromium. Further research is needed for clinical applications, but advancements promise future possibilities.

Keywords:
3D printingAdditiveCoCrcobalt chromiumdentistrydigital workflowdirect metal laser sinteringmillingprosthodonticssubtractive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Computer-Aided Manufacturing
  • Dental Technology

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is emerging as a viable alternative to traditional subtractive manufacturing in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for dental applications.
  • Ongoing research explores diverse materials for AM in dentistry, yet some, like cobalt chromium, require more investigation for clinical suitability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential and limitations of additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating dental structures.
  • To compare the advantages of AM over subtractive manufacturing in terms of material flexibility, waste reduction, and energy efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on materials used in dental additive manufacturing.
  • Comparative analysis of additive versus subtractive manufacturing processes regarding material handling, geometric flexibility, and environmental impact.

Main Results:

  • Additive manufacturing provides greater flexibility in material choice and geometric design compared to subtractive methods.
  • AM processes are generally more energy-efficient and produce less waste due to their layering nature.
  • Challenges remain in AM, including surface finish (layer steps) and fabricating certain dental materials like ceramics.

Conclusions:

  • Additive manufacturing presents a promising, sustainable approach for fabricating complex dental structures, particularly with difficult-to-process materials like cobalt chromium.
  • Continued technological development in AM is expected to overcome current limitations and expand its clinical applications in dentistry.