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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature

Published on: April 1, 2014

Infections and vasculitis.

Konstantinos Thomas¹, Dimitrios Vassilopoulos

¹Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

|September 24, 2016

Summary

Infections are common in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and giant cell arteritis, increasing mortality. Safer immunosuppressive therapies and prophylaxis are crucial for managing these systemic vasculitides.

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Published on: August 13, 2015

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Infectious Diseases
Immunology

Background:

Systemic vasculitides are inflammatory conditions affecting blood vessels.
Infections pose a significant threat to patients with vasculitis, impacting prognosis and mortality.
Understanding the interplay between infection and vasculitis is critical for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evidence on infection rates in systemic vasculitis patients.
To explore the role of specific infectious agents in vasculitis pathogenesis.
To highlight recent advancements in treating virus-associated vasculitides.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on infection rates and pathogenesis in vasculitis.
Analysis of treatment strategies and their impact on infectious complications.
Evaluation of emerging therapies for virus-associated vasculitides.

Main Results:

Infections are frequent in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides (AAV) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) within the first year, significantly increasing mortality.
Reduced cyclophosphamide and shorter corticosteroid courses correlate with lower infection rates in elderly AAV patients.
Higher prednisone doses (>10 mg/day) at one year are linked to increased infection-related mortality in GCA.
Varicella zoster virus is a potential, though unconfirmed, factor in GCA pathogenesis.
New oral, interferon-free antivirals show promising short-term efficacy and safety for hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.

Conclusions:

Infections remain a primary cause of mortality in systemic vasculitides.
There is a critical need for developing safer immunosuppressive treatments and implementing effective prophylaxis strategies.
Further research is required to elucidate the causal role of viruses like VZV in GCA and to confirm the long-term benefits of new antiviral therapies.