Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 14, 2026
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
Prevalence of celiac disease in Indian children with type 1 diabetes
Anshu Srivastava1, Saurabh Chaturvedi2, Preeti Dabadghao3
1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India. avanianshu@yahoo.com.
Insights
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients have a higher risk of celiac disease (CD). This study found 13.6% of T1D patients had potential CD and 3.8% had confirmed CD, often with earlier diabetes onset and more GI symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of celiac disease (CD).
- Evaluating CD prevalence in T1D pediatric patients is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
- Understanding the clinical characteristics of T1D patients with CD is important for targeted screening.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease (CD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
- To review Indian literature on CD prevalence in T1D patients and identify factors contributing to variability.
- To compare clinical characteristics, including age at T1D onset and gastrointestinal symptoms, between T1D patients with and without CD.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 103 children and adolescents with T1D.
- Evaluation included demographic and gastrointestinal (GI) questionnaires, IgA-tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTGA) testing, and endoscopic duodenal biopsy for serology-positive cases.
- A systematic review of Indian studies on CD prevalence in T1D patients was also conducted.
Main Results:
- 13.6% of T1D patients were positive for IgA-tTGA, and 3.8% showed villous atrophy on histology, indicating CD.
- T1D patients with CD were younger at diabetes onset (32.5 vs. 110.5 months) and more frequently reported GI symptoms compared to screen-negative T1D patients.
- Growth and glycemic control did not differ significantly between T1D patients with and without CD.
- A review of 7 Indian studies (915 patients) showed a serology-positive rate of 13.8% and a CD prevalence of 6.9%, with 3.1% having villous atrophy.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of potential CD and confirmed CD in children with T1D is 13.6% and 3.8%, respectively.
- T1D patients diagnosed with CD tend to have an earlier onset of diabetes and are more symptomatic.
- These findings highlight the importance of screening for CD in pediatric T1D populations.
Background:
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients are at an increased risk of having celiac disease (CD). We evaluated the prevalence and clinical profile of CD in children and adolescents with T1D and reviewed the Indian literature to determine prevalence and reasons for variability.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, subjects with T1D were prospectively evaluated with a demographic and gastrointestinal (GI) questionnaire, human IgA-tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTGA), and endoscopic duodenal biopsy in serology positive patients. Studies evaluating prevalence of CD in T1D from India were reviewed.
Results:
Fourteen (13.6 %) of the 103 (52 boys, 13 years [2-20]) T1D patients were IgA-tTGA (182 U [47-300]) positive and 3.8 % (4/103) had villous atrophy on histology. Subjects with T1D and CD (n = 4) were younger at onset of T1D (32.5 ± 12.6 vs. 110.5 ± 53.8 months; p < 0.005) and more often had GI symptoms (pain abdomen [2/4 vs. 6/89; p = 0.01], stool frequency of 2-3/day [3/4 vs. 38/89; p = 0.004]) than screen negative T1D (n = 89). Growth and glycemic control were not different between the groups. In the 7 Indian studies involving 915 children and adults, 13.8 % (8 % to 17.8 %) T1D were serology positive. Prevalence of CD was reported as 6.9 % (2.3 % to 11.1 %), but only 3.1 % (2.3 % to 4.2 %) had villous atrophy on histology.
Conclusions:
Potential CD and CD were present in 13.6 % and 3.8 % children with T1D respectively. T1D with CD have onset of diabetes at younger age and were more often symptomatic than screen negative T1D.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
01:27Glucose Transporters
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...