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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Priors in perception: Top-down modulation, Bayesian perceptual learning rate, and prediction error minimization.

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  • 1Philosophy & Cognition Lab, Philosophy Department, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.

Consciousness and Cognition
|September 25, 2016
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Summary

This study explores how top-down cognitive processes influence perception using a Bayesian learning framework. It proposes cognitive penetration arises from prediction error deviations, maintaining a distinction between cognition and perception.

Keywords:
Active inferenceAttentionBayesian inferenceCognitive penetrabilityHierarchical Gaussian filterIllusionPrediction error minimizationVariable learning rate

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Top-down modulation of perception involves prior expectations influencing sensory processing.
  • Existing frameworks struggle to precisely define cognitive penetration's boundaries.
  • Understanding the interplay between cognition and perception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model top-down perception modulation using a variable Bayesian learning rate.
  • To conceptualize cognitive penetration as deviations from this Bayesian model.
  • To establish a framework that distinguishes cognitive penetration from other top-down effects while maintaining cognitive-perceptual continuity.

Main Methods:

  • Bayesian learning theory applied to perception.
  • Prediction error minimization framework adapted for cognitive penetration.
  • Theoretical modeling of hierarchical expectations and their perceptual impact.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchical expectations significantly modulate perception via a variable Bayesian learning rate.
  • Cognitive penetration is characterized as specific deviations within this Bayesian framework.
  • The proposed model allows for penetrability without relativistic or rampant effects.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive penetration can be understood as prediction error minimization deviations from a variable Bayesian learning rate.
  • This approach offers a nuanced view of cognitive penetration, distinct yet continuous with cognition and perception.
  • The model supports a balanced perspective on the interaction between higher-level cognition and sensory experience.