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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Visual System01:26

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
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Decoding information about dynamically occluded objects in visual cortex.

Gennady Erlikhman1, Gideon P Caplovitz1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain tracks objects even when hidden. Early visual cortex activity shows object location during gradual occlusion, while later areas identify object features.

Keywords:
Dynamic occlusionMVPAObject representationShape perceptionV1

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Objects hidden by dynamic occlusion are perceived as persisting.
  • The neural basis and content of these persistent representations are unclear.
  • Previous research suggests early visual cortex may hold information about occluded objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural representations in visual cortex during dynamic occlusion.
  • To determine if early or higher visual areas maintain information about occluded objects.
  • To differentiate between object-specific information and non-object-specific information (position/motion).

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in human subjects.
  • Analysis of brain activity during gradual and instantaneous occlusion.
  • Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode object identity.

Main Results:

  • Gradual occlusion, but not instantaneous disappearance, increased activity in early visual cortex (V1, V2, V3).
  • This early visual cortex activity was spatially specific but did not encode object identity.
  • Object identity was decodable in higher-order visual areas (VO, LO, TO, LOC, hMT+).

Conclusions:

  • Early visual cortex likely represents the position or motion path of dynamically occluded objects.
  • Later visual areas, including ventral, lateral, and temporal occipital regions, represent object-specific information.
  • This suggests a hierarchical processing of occluded object information in the visual system.