Female genital mutilation and pregnancy: associated risks

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Women's Health

Background:

• Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice with no health benefits.
• FGM can lead to severe short-term and long-term health consequences for women and girls.
• Pregnant women with FGM face unique obstetric risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the specific health risks associated with female genital mutilation in pregnant patients.
• To highlight the impact of FGM on urinary tract infections, labor, and delivery.
• To discuss intrapartum complications and the role of deinfibulation in managing FGM during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on female genital mutilation and pregnancy outcomes.
• Analysis of complications including urinary tract infections, labor difficulties, and delivery risks.
• Examination of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality data in relation to FGM.

Main Results:

• FGM is linked to increased rates of urinary tract infections, which can precipitate preterm labor and delivery.
• FGM can complicate vaginal examinations, potentially delaying diagnosis and treatment of obstetric issues.
• Intrapartum risks associated with FGM include prolonged labor, increased need for interventions, and higher rates of postpartum hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

• Female genital mutilation significantly increases maternal and fetal risks during pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
• Deinfibulation may be necessary to mitigate some intrapartum complications.
• Comprehensive obstetric care is crucial for women with FGM to reduce morbidity and mortality.