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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
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SLE Neuropathy-Anything New?

Vikram A Londhey1

  • 1Associate Professor of Medicine and I/C Rheumatology, Hinduhridaysamrat Balasaheb Thakeray Medical College and R.N. Cooper Hospital; Visiting Consultant Rheumatologist, Sevenhills Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
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PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect the nervous system, causing central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Neuropathy in SLE presents diverse clinical and electrophysiological patterns, with symmetrical polyneuropathy being most common.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Neurological manifestations in SLE involve both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Discussion:

  • CNS involvement includes aseptic meningitis, stroke, seizures, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction.
  • PNS manifestations encompass Guillain-Barré syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy, and plexopathy.
  • Neuropathy in SLE is clinically categorized into mononeuritis multiplex and symmetrical/asymmetrical polyneuropathy, with symmetrical polyneuropathy being most prevalent.

Key Insights:

  • Electrophysiological classification of SLE neuropathy includes axonal, small fiber, demyelinating, and mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathies.
  • Axonal neuropathy can be sensory, sensorimotor, or mononeuritis multiplex.
  • Demyelinating neuropathy includes acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and sensory demyelinating polyneuropathy; chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is also suggested.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and optimal management strategies for neurological manifestations in SLE.
  • Understanding the electrophysiological subtypes is crucial for targeted therapeutic interventions.
  • Early diagnosis and comprehensive management of SLE-related neurological complications can improve patient outcomes.