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Related Experiment Video

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Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
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Mid-2000s North Atlantic shift: Heat budget and circulation changes.

R Somavilla1, C González-Pola1, U Schauer2

  • 1Instituto Español de Oceanografía C.O. de Gijón.

Geophysical Research Letters
|September 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocean heat content redistribution shifted from the North Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific during the global warming hiatus. Eastern North Atlantic modal water transformation drove this heat shift by transferring heat to deeper ocean layers.

Keywords:
North Atlanticcirculationdeep convectionhiatusmodal watersocean heat content

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • The North Atlantic Ocean previously showed the greatest warming.
  • Since the mid-2000s, during a global warming hiatus, heat transfer within the North Atlantic shifted to deeper levels.
  • Atmospheric heat capture dominance moved to the Indo-Pacific basin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of modal water transformation in the eastern North Atlantic (ENA) during the global warming hiatus.
  • To explain the contrasting ocean warming behavior between the North Atlantic and Indo-Pacific basins.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oceanographic data to identify changes in modal water properties.
  • Investigation of ocean mixing and heat transfer processes.
  • Examination of dynamic height gradients and regional flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • A significant transformation of ENA modal waters occurred in 2005, making them saltier, warmer, and denser.
  • This transformation facilitated the transfer of upper ocean heat and salt to deeper layers.
  • The denser waters altered regional flow, enhancing the northward advection of saltier southern waters.
  • Excess salinity promoted further heat injection via deep convection.

Conclusions:

  • Transformation of ENA modal waters was crucial for the observed shift in ocean heat content.
  • This process explains the reduced upper ocean warming in the North Atlantic and the increased heat capture in the Indo-Pacific during the hiatus period.