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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
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Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

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Autophagy in osteoarthritis.

Hyelin Jeon1, Gun-Il Im1

  • 1a Department of Orthopaedics , Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang , Republic of Korea.

Connective Tissue Research
|September 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Osteoarthritis involves cartilage breakdown and chondrocyte death. Decreased autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is linked to this degeneration, necessitating further research for therapeutic insights.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage breakdown.
  • Chondrocyte death and extracellular matrix loss are key features of OA pathogenesis.
  • Autophagy, a cellular degradation and recycling process, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of autophagy in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the cytoprotective effects of autophagy in articular cartilage.
  • To understand how altered autophagy impacts chondrocyte survival and death in OA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on autophagy and osteoarthritis.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo models of osteoarthritis.
Keywords:
Autophagyapoptosisarticular cartilagecell survivalosteoarthritis

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  • Examination of the relationship between autophagy levels and OA progression.

    • Main Results:

    • Osteoarthritis is associated with a decrease in autophagy within articular cartilage.
    • Autophagy is generally considered cytoprotective for chondrocytes.
    • The precise role of autophagy in OA may differ based on disease stage and experimental models.

    Conclusions:

    • Further in-depth research is required to fully elucidate the complex role of autophagy in osteoarthritis.
    • Understanding autophagy's impact on chondrocyte survival is crucial for developing effective OA therapeutics.
    • Targeting autophagy pathways holds potential for future osteoarthritis treatments.