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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods
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LTD-like molecular pathways in developmental synaptic pruning.

Claire Piochon1,2, Masanobu Kano3, Christian Hansel1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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|September 28, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term depression (LTD) and synaptic pruning, crucial for brain development and learning, share molecular machinery. Dysregulation of LTD may indicate impaired pruning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Long-term depression (LTD) reduces synaptic strength in the adult brain, aiding information storage and learning.
  • Synaptic pruning, a similar process in the developing brain, is vital for neural circuit development.
  • Both LTD and synaptic pruning are activity-dependent reductions in synaptic strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking LTD and synaptic pruning.
  • To explore their shared molecular machinery as developmental stages of synaptic modulation.
  • To assess the role of LTD deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and impaired brain development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on LTD and synaptic pruning.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying both processes.
  • Examination of mouse models of ASD exhibiting LTD dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • LTD and synaptic pruning share molecular components, suggesting a common origin.
  • These processes may represent different developmental stages of synaptic modulation.
  • LTD dysregulation is observed in ASD mouse models, potentially indicating impaired pruning.

Conclusions:

  • LTD and synaptic pruning are related forms of synaptic plasticity with shared molecular underpinnings.
  • Deficits in LTD may serve as an indicator of disrupted synaptic pruning essential for brain development.
  • Understanding this relationship could offer insights into ASD pathogenesis.