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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Automated High-throughput Behavioral Analyses in Zebrafish Larvae
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Behavioural fever in zebrafish larvae.

Sonia Rey1, Visila Moiche1, Sebastian Boltaña1

  • 1Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|September 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Zebrafish larvae develop behavioral fever, actively selecting warmer temperatures when challenged with dsRNA, starting at 18-20 days post fertilization. This temperature preference enhances antiviral gene expression, indicating a maturing neuro-immune response.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Immunology
  • Ectotherm physiology

Background:

  • Behavioral fever, a mobile ectotherm response to pathogens, is well-documented in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
  • The ontogenic onset of this fever response in zebrafish larvae remains uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the developmental stage at which zebrafish larvae exhibit behavioral fever.
  • To investigate the impact of thermal preference on the immune response to viral challenge in larval zebrafish.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish larvae (from first feeding to juveniles) were observed in a novel thermal gradient aquarium.
  • Larval thermal preference was assessed under isothermal and thermal gradient conditions, with and without dsRNA challenge.
  • Abundance of antiviral transcripts (viperin, gig2, irf7, trim25, Mxb) was measured via qPCR.
Keywords:
Antiviral responseBehavioural feverLarval developmentTemperature choiceThermo-preferenceZebrafish larvaedsRNA challenge

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Main Results:

  • The onset of dsRNA-induced behavioral fever was identified at 18-20 days post fertilization (dpf).
  • dsRNA-challenged larvae showed a significant preference for higher temperatures (1-4°C increase) compared to controls.
  • All measured antiviral transcripts significantly increased in abundance under thermal choice conditions in challenged larvae.

Conclusions:

  • Zebrafish larvae acquire the ability to mount a behavioral fever response at 18-20 dpf.
  • Thermal preference enhances the antiviral immune response in larval zebrafish from 18 dpf onwards.
  • This developmental stage marks the maturation of the neuro-immune interface, potentially increasing resistance to viral infections.