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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles
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Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles

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Frailty and sarcopenia in elderly.

John E Morley1

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, 63104, St. Louis, MO, USA. morley@slu.edu.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|September 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Frailty is a pre-disability syndrome in older adults. Key treatments include exercise, nutrition, and addressing underlying causes like sarcopenia, a decline in muscle mass.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Frailty is a significant pre-disability syndrome in older adults, increasing vulnerability to stressors.
  • Two primary definitions exist: the physical phenotype and the multiple deficit model.
  • Validated screening tools like FRAIL and SARC-F aid in early identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definitions, screening tools, and management strategies for frailty.
  • To discuss sarcopenia as a major contributor to frailty and its treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of frailty and sarcopenia definitions and interventions.
  • Discussion of validated screening tools (FRAIL, SARC-F).

Main Results:

Keywords:
DisabilityElderlyFunctionPre-disability

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  • Frailty screening tools (FRAIL) are validated for identifying at-risk older adults.
  • Effective frailty management includes resistance exercise, nutritional optimization, and treating fatigue and weight loss.
  • Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass decline, is a primary driver of frailty.
  • Sarcopenia screening (SARC-F) is validated; treatment involves resistance exercise, amino acids, and vitamin D.

Conclusions:

  • Frailty and sarcopenia are significant geriatric syndromes with identifiable risk factors and treatable causes.
  • Interventions focusing on exercise, nutrition, and addressing underlying conditions can mitigate frailty and sarcopenia.
  • Early screening and targeted treatments are crucial for improving health outcomes in older adults.