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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Dispensing medication refills without counselling.

Kheng Yong Ong1, Li Li Chen1, Jane Ai Wong1

  • 1Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance
|September 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

An express refill service (ERS) significantly reduced prescription processing times by over 30% and was highly accepted by patients. This study demonstrates ERS is a safe and efficient option for select patients needing prescription refills.

Keywords:
Dispensing processExpress refill serviceMedicationMedication refillPatient satisfactionPrescriptionWaiting time

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Patient Services
  • Healthcare Efficiency

Background:

  • Traditional prescription refill processes can be time-consuming.
  • Optimizing pharmacy workflows is crucial for patient satisfaction and resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety, efficiency, and patient acceptance of an express refill service (ERS).
  • To determine if omitting clinical review and counseling impacts patient safety and satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot, uncontrolled, cross-sectional study at a tertiary acute care hospital's outpatient pharmacy.
  • Efficiency measured by comparing ERS prescription processing times with regular prescriptions.
  • Safety assessed via independent pharmacist review; patient acceptance surveyed.

Main Results:

  • ERS decreased prescription processing time by over 30% compared to the standard process.
  • The service was generally safe, with only one prescription potentially needing closer monitoring.
  • Patient satisfaction was high, with 91.4% agreeing or strongly agreeing they were satisfied.

Conclusions:

  • Express refill service is a safe, efficient, and well-accepted model for select patients.
  • ERS can lead to reduced waiting times and enhanced patient satisfaction.
  • Omitting prospective clinical review and counseling for specific patient groups is feasible.