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Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Law of Segregation

Law of Segregation

When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

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In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

Published on: November 23, 2011

Resolving Conflicts: Modeling Genetic Control of Plant Morphogenesis.

Enrico Coen¹, Alexandra B Rebocho¹

¹Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, England.

Developmental Cell

|September 28, 2016

Summary

Computational modeling shows gene activity patterns drive tissue shape by creating cellular conflicts. This genetic control over mechanical properties explains the diverse forms in plants and animals.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Computational Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Tissue morphogenesis, the process by which tissues acquire their shape, is fundamental to organismal development.
Understanding the genetic and mechanical underpinnings of morphogenesis is crucial for explaining biological form diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how spatiotemporal patterns of gene activity computationally influence tissue shape.
To identify the mechanisms by which genetic regulation leads to diverse tissue forms.

Main Methods:

Utilized computational modeling to simulate tissue morphogenesis.
Analyzed gene activity patterns and their impact on cellular mechanical properties.

Main Results:

Identified spatiotemporal gene activity patterns as key drivers of tissue shape.
Revealed that "tissue conflicts," arising from genetic modulation of cellular mechanics, play a significant role.
Linked these conflicts to the evolution of diverse plant and animal forms.

Conclusions:

Gene activity patterns are critical regulators of tissue morphogenesis.
Cellular mechanical properties, modulated by genes, are central to generating diverse biological structures.
Computational approaches offer powerful insights into the evolution of form.