[Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Syrian refugee]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis is rare in the Netherlands but endemic in Syria.
• The disease has a potential for late manifestation years after initial exposure.
• Increased Syrian refugee migration necessitates heightened awareness of this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of considering cutaneous leishmaniasis in Syrian refugees.
• To emphasize the diagnostic considerations for this rare condition in a non-endemic setting.
• To underscore the impact of timely treatment on long-term cosmetic results.

Main Methods:

• A case study of a 5-year-old Syrian boy presenting with hepatosplenomegaly.
• Incidental finding of a solitary, erythematous plaque on the cheek.
• Differential diagnosis including visceral leishmaniasis due to hepatosplenomegaly.
• Confirmation of cutaneous leishmaniasis through investigations.

Main Results:

• A 5-year-old Syrian refugee was diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
• The patient presented with hepatosplenomegaly and a characteristic skin lesion.
• Diagnosis was confirmed despite the rarity of the disease in the Netherlands.

Conclusions:

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis should be considered in Syrian refugees with ulcerating nodules or plaques.
• Prompt local treatment can positively influence long-term cosmetic outcomes.
• Increased vigilance is necessary due to the rising incidence in Syria.