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Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction01:28

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A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic...
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Wastewater reuse: modeling chloroform formation.

Anabela Rebelo1, Isabel Ferra2, Albertina Marques2

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|September 30, 2016
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Chloroform, a risk to aquatic environments, forms during wastewater chlorination. This study models its formation in simulated wastewater for irrigation, aiding control during water reuse.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Chloroform poses risks to aquatic environments, necessitating control during wastewater disinfection for water reuse.
  • While studied in drinking water, chloroform formation in wastewater disinfection requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate chloroform formation during the chlorination of simulated wastewater for landscape irrigation.
  • To assess the impact of reaction time, chlorine dose, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on chloroform generation.
  • To develop and validate a model for predicting chloroform formation under different chlorination practices.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated wastewater matrices were chlorinated to mimic storage pond conditions.
  • Chloroform formation was monitored concerning reaction time, chlorine dose, and DOC.
  • A two-variant model was developed to simulate breakpoint and super chlorination.
  • The model was validated using data from six wastewater treatment plants and previous studies.

Main Results:

  • Established relationships between reaction parameters (time, chlorine dose) and chloroform formation.
  • Observed variations in DOC content during the chlorination process.
  • The proposed model accurately predicted chloroform levels under real-world conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding chloroform formation is crucial for safe wastewater reuse in irrigation.
  • The developed model provides a valuable tool for optimizing chlorination processes and minimizing chloroform risks.
  • Further research can refine the model for diverse wastewater matrices and treatment scenarios.