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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Development and modification of a device for three-dimensional measurement of orthodontic force system: The V-bend
WeiJen Lai1, Yoshiyuki Midorikawa, Zuisei Kanno
1Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
Abstract:
We developed a device to evaluate the orthodontic force applied by systems requiring high operability. A life-sized, two-tooth model was designed, and the measurements were performed using a custom-made jointed attachment, referred to as an "action stick", to allow clearance for the oversized six-axis sensors. This tooth-sensor apparatus was accurately calibrated, and the error was limited. Vector analysis and rotating coordinate transformation were required to derive the force and moment at the tooth from the sensor readings. The device was then used to obtain measurements of the force and moment generated by the V-bend system. Our device was effective, providing results that were consistent with those of previous studies. This measurement device can be manufactured with force sensors of any size, and it can also be expanded to models with any number of teeth.
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