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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Iatrogenic Menopause After Treatment for Cervical Cancer.

E L Moss1, S Taneja1, F Munir2

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Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|September 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Women with cervical cancer experience iatrogenic menopause, often avoiding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to safety concerns. New non-HRT treatments are needed to manage menopausal symptoms and improve long-term health for these survivors.

Keywords:
Cervical cancerhormone replacement therapyiatrogenic menopausepremature ovarian failureradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Cervical cancer survivorship is improving, increasing focus on treatment side effects.
  • Iatrogenic menopause in cervical cancer survivors presents unique management challenges.
  • Younger women (under 45) with cervical cancer are less likely to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore issues surrounding iatrogenic menopause in cervical cancer survivors.
  • To identify barriers to HRT use and adherence in this population.
  • To highlight the need for alternative interventions for menopausal symptom management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on iatrogenic menopause in cervical cancer survivors.
  • Analysis of HRT use patterns compared to benign surgical menopause.
  • Examination of factors influencing HRT reluctance, including media reports and fear of malignancy.

Main Results:

  • Women with cervical cancer-induced menopause are less likely to initiate or continue HRT.
  • Fear of second malignancy and media concerns contribute to HRT avoidance.
  • Adherence to HRT is challenging due to compliance issues.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for non-HRT-based interventions for cervical cancer survivors experiencing iatrogenic menopause.
  • Alternative treatments are required to manage menopausal symptoms and long-term health consequences.
  • Addressing survivors' fears and improving adherence are crucial for effective symptom management.