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Psilocybin for treating substance use disorders?

Bas T H de Veen1, Arnt F A Schellekens2, Michel M M Verheij1

  • 1a Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|September 30, 2016
PubMed
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Psilocybin, a compound found in psychedelic mushrooms, shows promise as a novel treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Research indicates it may help regulate mood and reduce cravings, offering a potential new avenue for addiction therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current treatments for substance use disorders (SUD), including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, have limited efficacy.
  • Psilocybin, a serotonin-like compound, is being investigated for its therapeutic potential in SUD.
  • Serotonin system dysregulation is linked to mood disorders and stress hormone alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human studies on the therapeutic effects of psilocybin for SUD.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of action, including receptor systems, brain regions, and cognitive/emotional processes involved.
  • To summarize preliminary findings from ongoing addiction studies.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of literature.
  • Search terms included: psilocybin, substance use disorder, addiction, depression, serotonin.
Keywords:
PsilocybinSubstance Use Disorders (SUD)cognitioncortisolemotionhallucinogensnetworksserotonin receptor

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  • Discussion of potential efficacy and mechanisms of action.
  • Main Results:

    • Psilocybin administration may increase cortisol levels, activating the executive control network.
    • This activation can lead to improved emotional regulation, reduced negative thinking, and relief from persistent negative emotions.
    • Preliminary data from human studies on alcohol and smoking addiction suggest positive effects of psilocybin.

    Conclusions:

    • Psilocybin demonstrates potential as a novel treatment for substance use disorders.
    • It has a low risk of toxicity and dependence, and can be safely administered in clinical settings.
    • Further confirmation through large-scale, placebo-controlled randomized trials is warranted.