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Risk factors for "late-to-test" HIV diagnosis in Riverside County, California

Aaron T Gardner1, Rachaline Napier, Brandon Brown

  • 1aEpidemiology & Program Evaluation Branch, Riverside University Health System Public Health bUniversity of California, Riverside, School of Medicine, Center for Healthy Communities, Riverside, CA.

Medicine
|September 30, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Late HIV diagnosis increases health risks and transmission. In Riverside County, 30.5% of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases were diagnosed late, with lack of insurance and Hispanic ethnicity being key factors.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Late diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is linked to adverse health outcomes and increased transmission risk.
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) to identify late-stage HIV diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prevalence and associated factors of late HIV testing in Riverside County, California.
  • To identify demographic and socioeconomic characteristics linked to delayed HIV diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of HIV case report data in Riverside County from 2009 to 2014.
  • Utilized the CDC's definition of AIDS to identify individuals diagnosed within 12 months of HIV diagnosis ('late-to-test').
  • Statistical analysis to determine factors associated with late HIV testing.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1385 HIV cases, 422 (30.5%) were classified as 'late-to-test'.
  • Factors significantly associated with late testing included lack of insurance, Hispanic ethnicity, and age between 45-64 years.
  • Females and individuals in eastern Riverside County were less likely to be diagnosed late.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of HIV cases in Riverside County are diagnosed late.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary to reduce late HIV testing, particularly among uninsured, Hispanic, and older adult populations.
  • Addressing socioeconomic and demographic disparities is crucial for improving early HIV detection and reducing transmission.

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